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African Spirituality





African Spirituality

  
  

Zaire mask
Zaire ceremonial mask

African Spirituality

Africa is the site of the earliest known evidence of the existence of man (Toumai, found in Chad in 2002, a hominid 6 to 7 million years old). It is also thought to be the cradle of civilization. Religion in Africa is extremely varied, as are the people. From Christianity and Islam to Traditional African Religions, the people of Africa are a spiritual people and an extremely diverse people. The Tuareq of West Africa are Muslim for the most part but are Matrilineal (not matriarchal, however). The women in these nomadic tribes do not wear the veil, but the men do (see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuareg ). As an example of extreme diversity of religion, we see among the religions in the country of Sudan: Sunni Islam, Catholicism, many differing African Traditional Religions, and pyramids dotting the landscape from the ancient Egyptian-like culture of Nubia (see Meroe/Nubian religion: http://www.theancientegyptians.com/RelEgyptMeroe.htm

Black Kingdoms of the Nile: http://www.pbs.org/wonders/fr_e1.htm).

Matrilineal/Matrilocal Bemba of Zambia: http://whiteknight.users4.50megs.com/Aftribes.htm

Bemba and Patrilineal Baganda of Uganda: http://www.theafricancommune.com/article.php3?id_article=433

Pyramids in Sudan
Nubian Pryramids of Sudan
http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/nubian105.html
Tuareg Warrior from Mali
Tuareg Warrior from Mali
http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart
/toc/people/Tuareg.html

E.E. Evans-Pritchard was the first anthropologist to do field work among the Africans. His chief work was about religion and witchcraft among the Azande and Nuer tribes of Sudan.

Azande statues, Sudan
Azande Statues, Sudan

Nuer, Ethiopia
Nuer, Ethiopia
Azande witchdoctor
Azande witchdoctor, Sudan



Nuer women in Sudan
Nuer Women, Sudan



Dogon ceremony, Mali
Dogon people of Mali, West Africa: http://www.crystalinks.com/dogon.html
http://whiteknight.50megs.com/tribes1.htm#Dogon
African Traditional Religion

African Traditional Religion topics:

http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/

5 Major Initiation Rites:
http://www.manuampim.com/
AfricanInitiationRites.htm


Art of different tribes:
http://www.africanarts4online.com/


Sacred texts:
http://www.sacred-texts.com/afr/


African Traditional Religion and Female Roles: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~awilson
/submissions/rel_79.html


Igbo cultural website (Nigeria) by LBCC Librarian, Dele Ukwu:
http://lib.lbcc.edu/chiamaka/index.html

Ancient African Culture: http://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/
classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline.htm

Zulu woman, South Africa
Zulu Woman with beads, South Africa
Igbo mask, Nigeria
Igbo Mask, Nigeria
Nail Fetishes of the Congo:

http://www.randafricanart.com/
Bakongo_Nkondi_figure.html


http://www.tamarin.com/
kongo/kongoe8.html


Creation of a Nail Fetish:

http://www.magma.ca/~yeti/nail.htm

Nail Fetish from the Congo area

Axum church , Ethiopia
Church of the Ark, Axum, Ethiopia
http://www.soer.pwp.blueyonder
.co.uk/ethiopia/axum.html


Sangoma (witchdoctor) , South Africa
Sangoma (Healer or Witchdoctor) in his Kraal
Shangaan, South Africa

Sangoma:

http://www.metmuseum.org/
explore/oracle/essaylambrecht.html


http://www.factnet.org/discus/
messages/3/319.html

Zulu dancers, South Africa
Zulu dancers, South Africa

Maps and Tribes of Africa:

http://www.africa-trade.com/tribal%20overviiew
%20map1.htm

http://www.fluffy.demon.nl
/africa/afrmap.htm


http://users.telenet.be/african-shop
/tribe_info.htm


http://www.design-africa.
com/masks/tribal-descrip/
other-names.html


Stilt dancers, Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe Stilt Dancers

African Religion in the New World

African Traditional Religion in the New World:
http://members.aol.com/porchfour
/religion/african.htm


Ifa -- Orisha from the Yorubas

Syncretized with Catholicism becomes in the New World:
Santeria or Lukumi
Santeria dancers in Cuba
Santeria dancers in Cuba
http://www.religioustolerance.org/santeri.htm

From Benin
(and influenced by Roman Catholicism):
Vodou
http://www.vampyra.com/pagan/voodoo.htm

Vodou dancers in Benin
Vodou Dancers in Benin

Voodoo dancer on stilts
Voodoo Stilt Man

Tomb of Marie Laveau, New Orleans
Tomb of Marie Laveau,
New Orleans Voodoo Queen

http://studentweb.tulane.edu
/~ltubbs/mlaveau.html


http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Marie_Laveau
Voodoo priestess
Voodoo & Yoruba Priestess Ava Kay Jones with boa
http://yorubapriestess.tripod.com/

various modern voodoo dolls
Voodoo dolls
roman voodoo doll
This Voodoo Doll was from the Greco-Roman world (used in Egypt in the 2nd century A.D.)

http://www.deliriumsrealm.
com/delirium/articles
/articleview.asp?ID=40

Santeria Initiation
Santeria Initiation

"Ever wonder why Arnaz's character Ricky Ricardo yells "babaloo" on the I Love Lucy show? The big band backdrop Arnez used for his congas nearly obliterated the fact that he was welcoming "Babalú-Ayé," the Santería god of healing and fortitude."
http://www.metroactive.com/
papers/cruz/06.19.97/los-van-van-9725.html


Santeria Orishas:
http://www.lotzofmusic.
com/santeria.php

http://www.ipfw.edu/ilcs/Cuba
/Santeria/orishas.htm

http://www.latinamericanstudies.
org/santeria.htm



From Bantus and others:
Kongo
Palo Mayombe
Umbanda

From Ethiopia:
(and influenced by Christianity): Rastafarianism
Haile Selassie of Ethiopia
The late Haile Selassie of Ethiopia
is considered divine


http://religiousmovements.
lib.virginia.edu/nrms/rast.html


http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Rastafarianism


Rastafarian poster

Reading

Read chapter 10 prior to the next class

Terms to Know

African Traditional Religion (ATR) = Indigenous religions of the different tribes of African people, vary widely, but tend to be animistic and share some beliefs and characteristics of primal religions from other tribes and even other continents

Nail fetish = human or animal wooden figure is given power through a ceremony and magical herbs and articles placed in or on the figure. Nails are driven into the figure to bind contracts and to apply efficacious magic to people and circumstances

Mojo = bag of magical herbs, powders and objects worn as an amulet, charm or fetish.

Witchdoctor = healer/shaman who specializes in overcoming witchcraft or sorcery


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